龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)(men)銑床(chuang)包括有床(chuang)身、架(jia)(jia)設(she)(she)在該(gai)床(chuang)身上的工作臺及數控電路控制系統。工作臺上方(fang)活動(dong)跨越架(jia)(jia)設(she)(she)有龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)(men)架(jia)(jia)，龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)(men)架(jia)(jia)還包括有：龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)(men)架(jia)(jia)拖(tuo)板(ban)，龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)(men)架(jia)(jia)拖(tuo)板(ban)活動(dong)夾持于該(gai)X軸(zhou)(zhou)導(dao)軌(gui)(gui)上。Z軸(zhou)(zhou)導(dao)軌(gui)(gui)，裝設(she)(she)于龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)(men)架(jia)(jia)上。橫(heng)梁，該(gai)橫(heng)梁裝設(she)(she)有一Z軸(zhou)(zhou)拖(tuo)板(ban)，橫(heng)梁通過(guo)該(gai)Z軸(zhou)(zhou)拖(tuo)板(ban)而活動(dong)夾持于該(gai)Z軸(zhou)(zhou)導(dao)軌(gui)(gui)上，橫(heng)梁上還裝設(she)(she)有Y軸(zhou)(zhou)導(dao)軌(gui)(gui)。

銑(xian)削裝(zhuang)置，龍門(men)銑(xian)床銑(xian)削裝(zhuang)置活動裝(zhuang)設于(yu)該(gai)Y軸導軌(gui)上，使該(gai)龍門(men)架在數控電路控制(zhi)(zhi)系統的控制(zhi)(zhi)下，作X、Y、Z三軸的立體空間銑(xian)削加工。該(gai)數控龍門(men)銑(xian)床具有高精(jing)度的銑(xian)、鉆(zhan)、鏜、削等操(cao)作。 

龍(long)門銑(xian)床(chuang)是美國人(ren)惠特尼于(yu)1818年(nian)(nian)(nian)創(chuang)制的臥式銑(xian)床(chuang)；為了銑(xian)削(xue)麻花鉆頭的螺旋(xuan)槽，美國人(ren)布(bu)朗于(yu)1862年(nian)(nian)(nian)創(chuang)制了第一臺(tai)萬能(neng)銑(xian)床(chuang)，這是升降臺(tai)銑(xian)床(chuang)的雛形(xing)；1884年(nian)(nian)(nian)前后又(you)出現(xian)了龍(long)門銑(xian)床(chuang)；二十世紀(ji)20年(nian)(nian)(nian)代出現(xian)了半自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)銑(xian)床(chuang)，工(gong)作(zuo)臺(tai)利用擋塊可(ke)完成“進給(gei)-決速”或(huo)“決速-進給(gei)”的自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)轉換。

具有(you)門(men)式(shi)(shi)框(kuang)架和(he)臥式(shi)(shi)長(chang)床(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)的(de)(de)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)。龍(long)(long)門(men)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度和(he)生產率均(jun)較高，適合在成批和(he)大量生產中加(jia)工(gong)(gong)大型(xing)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)平面(mian)和(he)斜面(mian)。數控龍(long)(long)門(men)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)空間曲面(mian)和(he)一(yi)些(xie)特型(xing)零件(jian)(jian)。龍(long)(long)門(men)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)由(you)立(li)(li)柱和(he)頂梁(liang)構成門(men)式(shi)(shi)框(kuang)架。橫(heng)梁(liang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)沿兩立(li)(li)柱導(dao)軌(gui)作(zuo)(zuo)升(sheng)降運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。橫(heng)梁(liang)上(shang)有(you)1～2個(ge)帶垂直主軸(zhou)的(de)(de)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)頭，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)沿橫(heng)梁(liang)導(dao)軌(gui)作(zuo)(zuo)橫(heng)向運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。兩立(li)(li)柱上(shang)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分別安裝一(yi)個(ge)帶有(you)水平主軸(zhou)的(de)(de)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)頭，它(ta)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)沿立(li)(li)柱導(dao)軌(gui)作(zuo)(zuo)升(sheng)降運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)些(xie)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)頭可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)同(tong)時(shi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)幾個(ge)表面(mian)。每個(ge)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)頭都具有(you)單獨的(de)(de)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機、變(bian)速(su)機構、操(cao)縱機構和(he)主軸(zhou)部件(jian)(jian)等(deng)。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)，工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)安裝在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺上(shang)并隨(sui)之作(zuo)(zuo)縱向進(jin)(jin)給(gei)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。大型(xing)龍(long)(long)門(men)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)總重(zhong)量達850噸。龍(long)(long)門(men)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)還有(you)一(yi)些(xie)變(bian)型(xing)以(yi)適應不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)對(dui)象。①龍(long)(long)門(men)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)鏜床(chuang)(chuang)：橫(heng)梁(liang)上(shang)裝有(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)鏜的(de)(de)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)鏜頭，其(qi)(qi)主軸(zhou)能作(zuo)(zuo)軸(zhou)向機動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)進(jin)(jin)給(gei)并有(you)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)微(wei)調(diao)裝置(zhi),微(wei)調(diao)速(su)度可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)低至5毫米(mi)(mi)/分。②橋式(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)門(men)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)：加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺和(he)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),而(er)由(you)龍(long)(long)門(men)架移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其(qi)(qi)特點是(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)地面(mian)積小(xiao)，承載能力大，龍(long)(long)門(men)架行程可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達20米(mi)(mi)，便于加(jia)工(gong)(gong)特長(chang)或特重(zhong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)外(wai)形與龍(long)(long)門(men)刨(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)相(xiang)似，區別在于它(ta)的(de)(de)橫(heng)梁(liang)和(he)立(li)(li)柱上(shang)裝的(de)(de)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)刨(bao)刀(dao)刀(dao)架而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)帶有(you)主軸(zhou)箱的(de)(de)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)架，并且龍(long)(long)門(men)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)縱向工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺的(de)(de)往(wang)復運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)主運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)給(gei)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，而(er)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)的(de)(de)旋轉運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)主運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。